Em primeiro lugar, deve ficar claro que - literalmente - o ideograma MA 間 significa "intervalo, espaço (físico)", mas para efeitos de explicação, usarei este ideograma com o sentido de "distância".
Dito isto, sabe-se que em Karate existem três intervalos (distâncias) de combate:
1º - É o "distância longa", chamada em japonês TŌ-MA 遠間. É a distância onde as técnicas de braços são inúteis, permitindo apenas técnicas de pernas. Aqueles Karateka que têm nas técnicas de pernas o seu ponto forte (Tokui-waza 得意技), devem procurar manter o combate dentro desta distância.
2º - É o "distância adequada", chamada em japonês MA-AI 間合. Literalmente, Ma-ai significa "Intervalo encontrado",significando que o intervalo entre os oponentes é o ideal para técnicas de braços e pernas. Aqui, todas as técnicas de Karate podem ser utilizadas. Diz-se ser este o "intervalo ideal" porque idealmente tem o sentido de que "permite todas as técnicas sejam utilizadas", mas não é um "ideal" que deva ser seguido à risca, porque o combate é algo dinâmico e exige adaptação imediata às circunstâncias do mesmo.
3º É o "distância curta", chamada em japonês CHIKA-MA 近間. É a distância extremamente aproximada onde as técnicas de braços têm prioridade. Aqueles Karateka que têm nas técnicas de braços o seu ponto forte (Tokui-waza 得意技), devem procurar manter o combate dentro desta distância.
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É um erro comum achar que MA-AI é a "distância ideal". A distância ideal é aquela da qual atingimos o adversário com a nossa técnica. Isto quer dizer que não importa qual distância onde estivermos desde que a técnica seja efetiva.
É um erro comum achar que MA-AI é a "distância ideal". A distância ideal é aquela da qual atingimos o adversário com a nossa técnica. Isto quer dizer que não importa qual distância onde estivermos desde que a técnica seja efetiva.
Por outro lado, a consciência real das nossas possibilidades e capacidades (espirituais, técnicas e físicas - Shingitai 心技体) é que será o fator determinante na escolha estratégica da "distância ideal".
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Combat Distances.
First of all, it must be clear that - literally - the ideogram MA 間 means "interval, space", but in this explanation I am going to use this ideogram meaning "distance".
Said that, it is known that in Karate we have three combat intervals (distances).
1st - It is "Long distance", called in japanese TŌ-MA 遠間. It is the distance where Te-waza ("arm/hand tachniques") are useless, allowing feet techniques to be used only. The Karateka that have in Ashi-waza (feet techniques) their Tokui-waza 得意技 "strong techniques" must keep the opponent / adversary in such distance.
2nd - It is "Adequate distance", called in japanese MA-AI 間合. Literally, Ma-ai means "interval found, interval met", that is, the interval, the distance between the opponents is ideal for hands and feet techniques. At this distance all Karate techniques can be freely used. It is said this distance is ideal because "ideally" it allows all techniques to be used. But "ideal" does not mean "compulsory" because "combat" is dynamic and requires immediate adaptation to the circumstances.
3rd - It is "Short distance", called in japanese CHIKA-MA 近間. It is the very close distance where hand techniques have main priority. The Karateka that have in Te-waza (hand techniques) their Tokui-waza 得意技 "strong techniques" must keep the opponent / adversary in such distance.
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It is a common mistake to believe that Ma-ai is really the "ideal distance". The "ideal distance" is the one from which we are able to hit the opponent with our technique. It means that - in fact - no matter how far or close we are once the technique is effective.
On the other hand, awareness of our real possibilities and capabilities (spiritual, technical and physique - Shingitai 心技体) is the key factor to determine the strategic choice of an "ideal distance".
-----
Combat Distances.
First of all, it must be clear that - literally - the ideogram MA 間 means "interval, space", but in this explanation I am going to use this ideogram meaning "distance".
Said that, it is known that in Karate we have three combat intervals (distances).
1st - It is "Long distance", called in japanese TŌ-MA 遠間. It is the distance where Te-waza ("arm/hand tachniques") are useless, allowing feet techniques to be used only. The Karateka that have in Ashi-waza (feet techniques) their Tokui-waza 得意技 "strong techniques" must keep the opponent / adversary in such distance.
2nd - It is "Adequate distance", called in japanese MA-AI 間合. Literally, Ma-ai means "interval found, interval met", that is, the interval, the distance between the opponents is ideal for hands and feet techniques. At this distance all Karate techniques can be freely used. It is said this distance is ideal because "ideally" it allows all techniques to be used. But "ideal" does not mean "compulsory" because "combat" is dynamic and requires immediate adaptation to the circumstances.
3rd - It is "Short distance", called in japanese CHIKA-MA 近間. It is the very close distance where hand techniques have main priority. The Karateka that have in Te-waza (hand techniques) their Tokui-waza 得意技 "strong techniques" must keep the opponent / adversary in such distance.
-----
It is a common mistake to believe that Ma-ai is really the "ideal distance". The "ideal distance" is the one from which we are able to hit the opponent with our technique. It means that - in fact - no matter how far or close we are once the technique is effective.
On the other hand, awareness of our real possibilities and capabilities (spiritual, technical and physique - Shingitai 心技体) is the key factor to determine the strategic choice of an "ideal distance".
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